Design of drainage blankets for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills using two-phase flow modeling     

《Computers and Geotechnics》2014

Drainage blankets (DB) are used for leachate recirculation in bioreactor landfills and consist of highly permeable material placed over a large area of the landfill with the leachate injection pipe embedded in the material at specified locations. DBs are generally installed at different depth levels during the waste filling operations. Very limited information is reported on performance of DBs, and that which exists is based on a small number of field monitoring and modeling studies. A rational method for the design of landfills using DBs has not been developed. This study performs a parametric analysis based on a validated two-phase flow model and presents design charts to guide the design of DBs for given hydraulic properties of MSW, the leachate injection rate and the dimensions and locations of the DB as measured from the leachate collection and recirculation system (LCRS) located at the bottom of the landfill cell. Numerical simulations were performed for the two established MSW conditions: homogeneous–isotropic and heterogeneous–anisotropic waste. The optimal levels of leachate saturation, wetted width, wetted area and developed pore water and pore gas pressures were determined, and design charts using the normalized parameters were developed. An example is presented on the use of design charts for typical field application.  相似文献   

塔中地区奥陶系喜马拉雅山期S干气充注的证据          下载免费PDF全文

何宏  李红霞  张科  陶小晚  蔡春芳 《地质科学》2014,49(4):1327-1336

塔中地区奥陶系天然气成因多样;Ⅰ号坡折带中东部奥陶系天然气以高干燥系数、 甲烷同位素值重为特征;与塔深1井寒武系原油裂解气接近;应主要来自寒武系原油裂解气成因。寒武系贫H₂S、 高成熟原油裂解气在喜马拉雅山期时;气侵奥陶系油气藏;得到了以下主要证据的支持: 1）天然气甲烷δ¹³C值大多比Chung et al.（1988）天然气模式甲烷δ¹³C值计算值高3‰以上;2）干燥系数与甲烷δ¹³C值大体上具有正相关关系;3）天然气干燥系数与H₂S含量大体上具有负相关关系。这些特征表明;存在贫H₂S、 相对富¹³C甲烷为主的干气与富H₂S、 相对贫¹³C甲烷的湿气混合作用。奥陶系中H₂S-δ³⁴S 值为14‰～20‰;远低于中深1井寒武系原地热化学硫酸盐还原作用（TSR）成因的H₂S（33‰）;支持了奥陶系中H₂S并不是来源于寒武系古油气藏。于是提出;来自寒武系贫H₂S的干气在喜马拉雅山期对良里塔格组和鹰山组油气藏发生了气洗;油气藏的气/油比值增大、 导致了原油蜡含量增高、 甲烷δ¹³C值发生正偏移。  相似文献   

Coal seam gas distribution and hydrodynamics of the Sydney Basin,NSW, Australia     

A. Burra  J. S. Esterle  S. D. Golding 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,61(3):427-451

This paper reviews various coal seam gas (CSG) models that have been developed for the Sydney Basin, and provides an alternative interpretation for gas composition layering and deep-seated CO₂ origins. Open file CSG wells, supplemented by mine-scale information, were used to examine trends in gas content and composition at locations from the margin to the centre of the basin. Regionally available hydrochemistry data and interpretations of hydrodynamics were incorporated with conventional petroleum well data on porosity and permeability. The synthesised gas and groundwater model presented in this paper suggests that meteoric water flow under hydrostatic pressure transports methanogenic consortia into the subsurface and that water chemistry evolves during migration from calcium-rich freshwaters in inland recharge areas towards sodium-rich brackish water down-gradient and with depth. Groundwater chemistry changes result in the dissolution and precipitation of minerals as well as affecting the behaviour of dissolved gases such as CO₂. Mixing of carbonate-rich waters with waters of significantly different chemistries at depth causes the liberation of CO₂ gas from the solution that is adsorbed into the coal matrix in hydrodynamically closed terrains. In more open systems, excess CO₂ in the groundwater (carried as bicarbonate) may lead to precipitation of calcite in the host strata. As a result, areas in the central and eastern parts of the basin do not host spatially extensive CO₂ gas accumulations but experience more widespread calcite mineralisation, with gas compositions dominated by hydrocarbons, including wet gases. Basin boundary areas (commonly topographic and/or structural highs) in the northern, western and southern parts of the basin commonly contain CO₂-rich gases at depth. This deep-seated CO₂-rich gas is generally thought to derive from local to continental scale magmatic intrusions, but could also be the product of carbonate dissolution or acetate fermentation.  相似文献   

四川盆地下寒武统膏盐岩发育特征与封盖有效性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林良彪  郝强  余瑜  淡永  彭勇民 《岩石学报》2014,30(3):718-726

四川盆地下寒武统广泛发育一套膏盐岩,主要沉积于早寒武世龙王庙期。基于四川盆地深井及实测剖面中膏盐岩的识别和统计,发现下寒武统有川南和鄂西两大聚盐区,最厚达690.40m;川南聚盐区西部以含泥含云质石膏岩类和含膏砂泥岩类为主,东部及颚西聚盐区主要为含膏白云岩类。结合前人研究,认为膏盐岩发育于浅水缓坡沉积环境,有潮上萨布哈和缓坡蒸发两类成因。通过对川南聚盐区储盖匹配关系及后期构造与膏盐岩封盖性分析,表明下寒武统膏盐岩与盐下震旦系优质的白云岩储层在空间上具有良好的匹配关系;四川盆地边界大断裂及边界外寒武系的抬升暴露让膏盐岩在盆地外封盖性失效,而在盆地内膏盐岩的封盖性较好。威远气田解剖表明有膏盐岩分布的威远地区成藏,而无膏盐岩分布的资阳地区气藏被破坏,显示了下寒武统膏盐岩在四川盆地油气成藏中具有重要的作用。  相似文献   

松辽盆地深层断陷沙河子组烃源岩分布预测与生气潜力   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王志宏  李剑  夏利 《世界地质》2014,33(3):630-639

松辽盆地下白垩统沙河子组是深层断陷的主要烃源岩发育层系,目前钻井揭示其厚度大(700 m),埋藏深(3 500 m),但钻井大都分布于深层断陷的边部,断陷内部烃源岩层揭示少。根据断陷结构样式及地震反射特征,总结出单断箕状断陷和双断地堑式断陷两种沙河子组烃源岩发育模式,并确定深层烃源岩主要有五种存在形式。断陷中部席状平行结构、成层性、连续性好的地震反射特征的烃源岩最为落实,主要为深湖--半深湖相,暗色泥岩厚度大,暗地比高(45%~70%)。深层沙河子组烃源岩总生气量约148.38×1012m3,天然气资源潜力巨大。  相似文献   

定向钻穿越技术在清江河天然气管道敷设的应用     

李效生  刘宪全 《安徽地质》2014,(1):56-59

清江河天然气管道工程是在河床下穿越1500多米的Φ1016×26.2天然气钢管和Φ114硅管套管。该河为通航河道,河底地面高程最低-5.90m左右,最大水深6.0~8.6m。地层为填土、淤泥质粘粉土、淤泥质粉砂、粉质粘土夹粉砂细砂。施工中通过优化施工方案,针对导向孔轨迹控制、淤泥地层定向钻进纠偏、大口径扩孔清孔和长输大口径管道回拖采取了一些有效的技术措施,确保了工程一次性回拖成功。  相似文献   

四川中坝气田雷口坡组成藏条件及油气主控因素     

蒲莉萍  张哨楠  王泽发  白晓亮  杨鹏  赵姗姗  刘曦翔  王喆 《四川地质学报》2014,(1):53-57,63

通过对四川盆地西北部中坝气田中三叠统雷口坡组气藏已发现油气与有利沉积相带、局部构造、等关系的分析,结合试采试油资料与储层厚度、物性与录井显示关系的统计分析,总结认为油气成藏发育了多套烃源岩,具有良好的储集条件和保存条件。通过对各个构造运动阶段雷口坡气藏被改造与再形成的分析,提出油气主控因素是后期构造运动的影响,主要经历了印支期、燕山期和喜山期构造运动的改造形成的古圈闭,油气藏受到破坏然后再形成的整个过程。该主识对中坝气田未来的勘探开发具有指导意义。  相似文献   

自贡大山铺废卤(气)井泄漏原因分析     

吴何  李振华  刘晓博 《四川地质学报》2014,34(3):394-398

四川省自贡市盐卤开发有近2 000年历史,大山铺曾是自贡市井矿盐生产基地之一,由于长期从事岩盐、天然气开采,留下了大量的废卤(气)井。分析表明:大山铺地下地质情况较为复杂,构造断裂、裂隙发育,且连通性较好,给卤(气)上窜提供了地质条件;卤(气)井未封井或套管腐蚀穿孔、破裂造成卤水及伴生天然气沿裂隙上窜,表现为对含水层、土地资源破坏及对空气的污染。  相似文献   

祁连山冻土区水合物DK3和DK6钻孔中微生物脂肪酸特征及意义     

焦露  苏新  黄霞  刘浩东  何浩  蒋宏忱  王永莉 《地球学报》2014,35(5):599-607

利用脂肪酸法分析祁连山冻土带水合物区DK3(含水合物)与DK6(不含水合物)钻孔岩心中微生物多样性。本研究获得C12到C24二十六种脂肪酸(FA),可以分成直链饱和脂肪酸(SSFA),支链饱和脂肪酸(BSFA),单键不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA),环丙烷脂肪酸(CFA)和多键不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)五大类型,其中SSFA相对含量最高。由于特异性的脂肪酸指示特异性的微生物类群,得出两根岩心中微生物类群主要由革兰氏阳性菌、革兰氏阴性菌和真菌组成。运用PAST(Palaeontological statistics,version 1.21)软件对已获得的脂肪酸进行主成分分析和聚类分析,得出DK3与DK6岩心的微生物组成并无显著性差异,但是DK3岩心中含水合物层位与不含水合物层位微生物组成有差异,DK6岩心中有水合物异常的层位与无异常的层位有差异。发现C16:1和C18:1这两类脂肪酸与甲烷异常有很好的对应关系,从另一方面证明了水合物异常影响微生物组成分布。本次研究首次获得冻土沉积物中FA组成特征,丰富了FA的分布范围,研究结果扩大了真菌的分布深度,具体机理有待更多的实验证明。  相似文献   

我国页岩气资源及影响因素     

史长营  王峰  秦娜  王辉 《山东地质》2014,(4):58-61

在世界面临能源短缺的背景下,页岩气作为油气勘探的一个新领域,越来越得到世界各国的重视。我国页岩气资源丰富,许多盆地或地区具有页岩气大规模成藏的地质条件,对页岩气的研究显得尤为重要。该文介绍了我国页岩气资源储量、分布及开采面临的问题,概述了页岩气地质特征。在此基础上探讨了我国页岩气的影响因素,认为我国页岩气主要受有机碳含量、成熟度、裂缝的发育程度、地层压力的控制;页岩气与煤层气同属于非常规天然气,其赋存形态、成因类型、富集规律具有很多相似之处,因此可将页岩气与煤层气进行对比研究。  相似文献